Saturday, February 12, 2011

Abu Simbel Fri 21st Day 4


Life with Owen on the air plane, "can air defy gravity?" "Mommy, the sun is taking over the night."

Lake Nasser was created as a result of the Aswan High Dam across the Nile in 1970. Because of the flooding many important Nubian and Ancient Egyptian archaeological sites were cut apart and moved to higher ground. All of the ones we saw have been moved but many are still under water. Egypt's entire Nubian community was forced to relocate.
Flying into Nubia, a region in northern Sudan and southern Egypt. The Nubian civilization dates to 5000bc. They speak a Nilo-Saharan language. Nubia was also known as Kush and included under the name Ethiopia. The Broadway play Aida tells of a Nubian princess, Aida, who is captured by Egyptian soldiers and becomes the slave of Amneris, Princess of Egypt and falls in love with Radames, her captor. With the end of colonialism and the establishment of the Republic of Egypt in 1953 and the secession of Sudan from Egypt in 1956, Nubia was divided between Egypt and Sudan. Ferries take passengers and vehicles between Aswan in Egypt and Wadi Halfa in Sudan. We were told there was an open border between the two countries. In trying to confirm this I found only stories on how difficult it is to cross the borders, even by ferry, and that it's prohibited to cross the Sudan-Egypt border on land and there are no paved roads that connect the two countries.
on the ship,







for those with a sense of humor...frieze of baboons, they are up early so were thought to worship the sun,


gods on each side of Ramesses,
members of the royal family between his feet,


Abu Simbel was named after the Nubian who led archeologists to the sand covered temples in 1813. In the 6th century bc sand was already up to the knees of the statues. Ancient "tourists" left grafeti which reads, "When King Psammetichus came to Elephantine, this was written by those who sailed with Psammetichus the son of Theolces and they came beyond Kerkis as far as the river permits." The desert appears to look like natural pyramids so it was considered to be a sacred place. Ramesses the Great built seven rock cut temples in Nubia about 1244 bc to exert his power in Upper Egypt as well as the Egyptian religion. This temple is called Hwt Ramesses Merymum "Temple of Ramesses, beloved of Amun." The massive facade is dominated by 4 seated colossal statues of Ramesses. Each is 67' high, wears the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt, and are sculpted directly from the rock face. Nile gods are in between each symbolizing the uniting of Egypt. Between the legs of each Ramesses are members of the royal family. Below the statues are carved figures of bound captives. An ancient earthquake damaged one of the statues.
The walls of the first hall are all completely decorated and colored with relief scenes showing the king in battle including the great battle of Kadesh and the Syrian, Libyan and Nubian wars as well as presenting prisoners to the gods. Behind the first hall is a second smaller hall with ritual offering scenes. In one scene Ramesses and Nefertari are depicted before Amun and Ra-Horakhaty. In the sanctuary is a small altar and 4 statues representing Ramesses II and the three gods of the New Kingdom: Ra-Horakhty of Heliopolis, Ptah of Memphis, and Amun-Ra of Thebes. The axis of the temple is arranged so that two days of the year: February 21 and October 21, 61 days before and after the Winter Solstice, the rising sun shoots through the entrance and illuminates the sanctuary statues except for Ptah, the god of the underworld.





the kids recognize the key of life now,







To the north of the main temple is a smaller temple built in honor of Ramesses' great wife, Nefertari, and the goddess Hathor. The cliff face was cut to resemble sloping walls of pylon. Six colossal standing figures 33' high were cut directly from the rock face as well. Four are of Ramesses and two of Nefertari-all the same size. Traditionally statues of queens were never taller than the pharaoh's knees, smaller figures of the royal family are between. An inscription over the entrance reads "Ramesses II, he has made a temple, excavated in the mountain, of eternal workmanship, for the chief queen Nefertari, beloved of Mu, in Nubia, forever and ever, Nefertari for whose sake the very sun does shine."

the know scarabs now,



There is a larg pillared hall with carved Hathor heads atop the pillars, on the walls Ramesses is shown smiting his enemies and offering before various gods, Nefertari is shown graceful and slender. The inner chamber shows a number of images of the royal couple and the gods.



heading down the path to our boat, we had to bring our bags with us this morning,

Erica wanted to go to the pool but it was freezing she said, life with Erica, "this is the Mom Song because moms are great, moms are better than cup cakes. This is the dad song because dads are great, dads are better than snowflakes."
after lunch we went back to see the temples again, she wanted a picture with the front door "key of life,"



We walked back to the ship and I started feeling really sick, Owen later was sick as well. I think it's from water he and I drank at our last hotel so I missed tea, the sun set, and dinner.

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